Kulturkampf, (German: “culture struggle”), the bitter struggle (c. 1871–87) on the part of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to subject the Roman Catholic church to state controls. Indeed, many of Bismarck's conservative friends were in opposition. Zitiert in: Günter Schönbrunn, Das Bürgerliche Zeitalter, 1815-1914, S. 448, Bayerischer Schulbuchverlag (1980).Rede am 30. They wanted victory over Catholicism itself, the long-delayed conclusion of the Reformation".At least since 1847 and in line with the Liberals, Bismarck had also been of the professed opinion, that state and church should be completely separated and "the sphere of the state had to be made secure against the incursions by the church",With this background and the determination of church and state, the Kulturkampf in Germany acquired an additional edge as it gathered in intensity and bitterness.
Halbband, S. 199 books.google http://books.google.de/books?hl=de&id=TO0aAAAAYAAJ&q=jagd.Gedanken und Erinnerungen. Jedoch auch sie können wir ihres großen Umfanges und ihrer häufigen, nicht für sich allein verständlichen Beziehungen wegen nicht ganz aufnehmen; wir beschränken uns daher auf nachstehende Stellen daraus. Eine solche Rede war auch die, welche Fürst Bismarck am 9.
In deutscher Übertragung zitiert in "Türken in Berlin 1871-1945" von Ingeborg Böer, Ruth Haerkötter, Petra Kappert, Berlin, New York 2002, S. 24Brief an Ludwig Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach 19./20.
Können die Regierungen zur Bekämpfung der Sozialdemokratie auf die Unterstützung des Reichstags rechnen? Zitiert in: Günter Schönbrunn, Das Bürgerliche Zeitalter, 1815-1914, S. 448, Bayerischer Schulbuchverlag (1980).Rede im Norddeutschen Reichstag, 21. Gross, 2004.History 1871–1939 Warszawa 2000 dr.Anna Radziwił prof.dr.hab Wojciech Roszkowski page 80Jerzy Zdrada – Historia Polski 1795–1918 Warsaw Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 2007; pages 268, 273-291, 359-370Andrzej Chwalba – Historia Polski 1795–1918 Wydawnictwo Literackie 2000 Kraków pages 175-184, 307-312(in English) Jarmila Kaczmarek, Andrzej Prinke (2000). The system of strict government supervision of schools was applied only in Catholic areas; the Protestant schools were left alone.
Rede im Preußischen Herrenhaus am 10. Para 28, Robbins, Keith in: The Dynamics of Political Reform in Northern Europe 1780–1920, Political and Legal Perspectives, Leuven University Press, Steinhoff, "Christianity and the creation of Germany," (2008) p 295"Liberals were the most enthusiastic champions of the general policy, because it satisfied a tradition of passionate anti-clericalism. 84., Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 1998, Winkler, Heinrich in: Der lange Weg nach Westen: Deutsche Geschichte vom Ende des Alten ..., Vol 1, Beck Verlag, Munich, 2002, p. 218, Pflanze, Otto, in: Bismarck and the Development of Germany, Volume II, Princeton University Press, Arlinghouse, Francis in: The Kulturkampf and European Diplomacy 1871–1875 in The Catholic Historical Review 28/3, 1942, p. 342Ross, Ronald in: "Kulturkampf. 1, Berlin-New York, 1993, p. 101, Rowe, Michael in: From Reich to State. Teilweise mit spürbaren Folgen bis heute, auch nicht immer negativ.
The popes worked to increase their control of the Church. Between 1872 and 1878, numerous Catholic newspapers were confiscated, Catholic associations and assemblies were dissolved, and Catholic civil servants were dismissed merely on the pretence of having Ultramontane sympathies. Wochenschrift für das Leben des deutschen Volkes in Staat, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Innenpolitisch geprägt waren die 1880er-Jahre nicht zuletzt vom repressiven Sozialistengesetz. Instead, the pope even sided with Bismarck on non-religious issues and pressured the Centre Party to support Bismarck or at least abstain, e. g. in the matter of the hotly debated Septennat 1887 (7-year military budget). ... Je weniger die Leute davon wissen, wie Würste und Gesetze gemacht werden, ... Weitere Zitate … Century, edited by Richard Helmstadter, Stanford University Press, 1997, Robbins, Keith in: The Dynamics of Political Reform in Northern Europe 1780–1920, Political and Legal Perspectives, Leuven University Press, Dittrich, Lisa in: Antiklerikalismuns in Europa: Öffentlichkeit und Säkularisierung in Frankreich, Spanien und Deutschland (1848–1914), Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1914, Bucheim, Karl in: Geschichte der christlichen Parteien in Deutschland.
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As of 1878, only three of eight Prussian dioceses still had bishops, some 1,125 of 4,600 parishes were vacant, and nearly 1,800 priests ended up in jail or in exile, nearly half the monks and nuns had left Prussia, a third of the monasteries and convents were closed. 46 22 0000025320 00000 n Ich bin zu dem Punkt gekommen wo der Zweikampf zwischen Bismarck und dem damaligen Papst stattfindet. Initially perceived as a possible enemy hostile to German unification under Prussian leadership, Austria and Germany very quickly became friends and formed the Bismarck and the Pope entered into direct negotiations without the participation of the Church or the Reichstag, yet initially without much success. Ich befasse mich gerade aus eigenem Interesse mit dem Kulturkampf im 19.