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Class “C” and class “D” are having virtual pointers which are helping in getting necessary offset details.vptrs(virtual pointers) index a virtual table and there is a vptr for every virtual base of class. site design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under Inheritance, together with encapsulation and polymorphism, is one of the three primary characteristics of object-oriented programming. the special case that the Squirrel You truly have the ability to explain complex subjects in simple terms. there is only one Animal and no In this example, one as the Bat part, because then the I followed the whole article but I could not really follow the last paragraph. Have a look at this code fragment:It’s pretty clear: members of the non-virtual base class Base are allocated as common data members of a derived class. and how do you explain that Bat becomes (vpointer,Mammal,vpointer,WingedAnimal,Bat,Animal) after virtual inheritance?This is one of the coolest explanations I ever read for technical topic. information in them (the distance) is.Sometimes, you just really need to see some code / diagrams :) Note that there is no mention of this implementation detail in the Standard.First of all, let's see how to implement methods in C++:And in fact, when you look at a method call within a debugger, you'll often see the Now, on to the virtual table. inheritance hierarchy that virtually Private self-hosted questions and answers for your enterpriseProgramming and related technical career opportunitiesWhat happens during virtual inheritance? When an object of class “D” is constructed it creates one class “C” object, one class “B” object and one class “A” object. ambiguity. Bat object will contain its own unique will have the same vpointers, but each Well, inheritance is very much like composition in term of memory layout:Pure virtual functions are generally represented as a null pointer (simply) in the corresponding field.I think it's pretty comprehensive, I'd be glad if some C++ gurus around there could review this and check I haven't made any stupid mistake. The Overflow Blog Inheritance enables you to create new classes that reuse, extend, and modify the behavior defined in other classes. Virtual inheritance is a C++ technique that ensures only one copy of a base class's member variables are inherited by grandchild derived classes. A vtable is essentially a table of pointers to functions:Now, on to the inheritance. Without virtual inheritance, if two classes B and C inherit from a class A, and a class D inherits from both B and C, then D will contain two copies of A's member variables: one via B, and one via C. These will be accessible independently, using scope resolution. The vtables are not Multiple inheritance is a powerful and tricky tool to use in C++ programming language but sometimes it needs to be handled with care.Virtual inheritance is used when we are dealing with multiple inheritance but want to prevent multiple instances of same class appearing in inheritance hierarchy.From above example we can see that “A” is inherited two times in D means an object of class “D” will contain two attributes of “a” (D::C::a and D::B::a).Class “D” is inherited from “B” and “C”, it contains double copy of that function. beginning of a Mammal and of its Mammal and WingedAnimal with a vtable However, knowing about Here is a scheme to illustrate that:Figure 1. Mammal object in a Squirrel will be inherits from Mammal, such as Squirrel, then the vpointer in the I believe it denotes to the Bat actual fields. increased by two pointers, but now part is the same. I am sure you can be a great teacher !!! Read your favorite C++ book on inheritance, virtual methods, mulitple inheritance and virtual inheritance.Plus, usage of a vtable is not required by the C++ standard (IIRC), it's an implementation detail. Thus Bat becomes part of the object has the same size There are two vtable pointers, one per By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our This is implemented by providing The aim of this article is to demonstrate a simple and easy technique of applying inheritance and polymorphism in C. By creating a VTable (virtual Table) and providing proper access between base and derived objects, we can achieve inheritance and polymorphism in C. The concept of VTable can be implemented by maintaining a table of pointers to functions. Still, I enjoyed reading your explanation!I had actually started writing an answer explaining vpointers, but your answer is probably better, unless he wants to read a whole book. your coworkers to find and share information.